Smoking and Gum Disease: The effects of smoking on gum health

Smoking is widely recognized as detrimental to health, a fact highlighted by the warning labels on cigarette packages that alert users to various health risks. Tobacco use significantly increases the risk of gum disease, which tends to be more severe and challenging to treat in smokers. The longer and more frequently one smokes, the greater the risk. However, on a positive note, quitting smoking can reverse some of the existing damage.

How does smoking damage the gums?

Nicotine in cigarettes reduces the blood flow to the gums and other tissues in the mouth. This is especially problematic during and after surgical dental procedures, including tooth extractions, dental implants and periodontal treatments. Smokers experience slower wound healing, thus increasing the risk of infection and inflammation. Additionally, periodontitis in smokers is often more severe and progresses more quickly.

Gum disease, or gingivitis, is caused by the insufficient removal of plaque bacteria in the mouth. In smokers, the body's ability to fight infections is weakened, making it harder to combat gum disease. Additionally, any existing gum damage heals more slowly in smokers.

Smokers are at a higher risk for gum disease because smoking can hide its symptoms. Healthy gums are typically pink. A shift to red and bleeding when brushing and flossing can indicate gum disease. However, this warning sign might be missed in heavy smokers, whose gums often appear gray and discolored due to reduced blood circulation in their gums.

Gum disease can be more severe in smokers because the lack of early symptoms can lead to delayed diagnosis, often at a more advanced stage. Additionally, smoking impairs the body's ability to combat and heal infections in the mouth, making treatment less effective compared to non-smokers. Beyond the potential for tooth loss, an infection can also impact overall health. Therefore, smokers need to be especially vigilant about their oral hygiene and gum care.

How can we protect the gums?

Quitting smoking is highly beneficial, especially for those with severe gum disease. Additionally, ensure that you visit your dentist at least twice a year for dental check-ups and professional cleaning. Be sure to incorporate a proper oral hygiene routine at home. This includes flossing and brushing your teeth thoroughly twice a day using a soft-bristled toothbrush. It's important to remember that many harmful bacteria can accumulate in the crevices of the tongue, so use a specially designed tongue scraper to keep it clean. Incorporating an antibacterial, alcohol-free mouthwash into your routine is also advisable. This not only kills harmful bacteria throughout the mouth but also freshens breath. If the mouthwash contains fluoride, it provides extra protection against cavities. For smokers, using mouthwash is a crucial part of maintaining oral hygiene.

It is also crucial to be aware of the increased risks and harmful effects of smoking on the gums as mentioned earlier. Consider quitting smoking, especially if you start noticing the first symptoms of periodontitis.